Coagulation and flocculation process fundamentals 1 coagulation and flocculation. Differences in the settling velocities cause the particles to collide and flocculate. Because of this, the sedimentation step is usually preceded by a chemical process known as coagulation. Basically, coagulation is a process of addition of coagulant to destabilize a stabilized charged particle. Colloidal particles colloids are midway in size1 between dissolved solids and. Principlea and design, mwh2005, isbn 04710110183 5. Groundwater and surface water contain both dissolved and suspended particles. Another type of tanks combine between flocculation and sedimentation in one tank and called solid contact flocculator clarifier. In industry, you will hear the term coagulation and flocculation used for the process where smaller particles come together to form larger particles. The terms coagulation and flocculation are two separate processes, contrary to common usage.
What is the difference between coagulation and flocculation free download as word doc. What are the differences between flocculant and coagulant. Flocculation is similar to coagulation in that both refer to smaller particles clumping together to form larger particles. After employing the flocculation process, the coagulated particles form a large agglomeration, which is also known as floc. Comparative study between flocculationcoagulation processes in raw wastewater treatment. Chemical sequence the addition of multiple chemicals to improve flocculation is common practice. Main difference coagulation vs flocculation coagulation and flocculation are two processes commonly used in water treatment in order to get rid of unwanted suspended material in water. Coagulation and flocculation process fundamentals 2. Coagulationflocculation process for produced water.
Coagulation and flocculation in water treatment prepared by. Disperse chemicals uniformly throughout the mixing basin. Tlc recommends that you download and save this pdf document and. Coagulationflocculation is a chemical water treatment technique typically applied prior to sedimentation and filtration e. Particles in water, such as clay, usually have a negative charge.
Coagulation is achieved by neutralizing the particles and thus, the repelling force between the particles is greatly reduced. Coagulation and flocculation are important processes in water treatment with coagulation to destabilize. The use of almonds to clarify water was in practice in the early years of 2000. Difference between coagulation and flocculation in water. What is the difference between coagulation and flocculation.
During coagulation, the coagulantalum are added to destabilize the surface charge of particles. However, some yeast strains will settle down at high ph values. It is difficult for yeast to settle down at ph values that are too low. Contact time in the rapidmix chamber is typically 1 to 3 minutes. Flocculation, in the field of chemistry, is a process in which colloids come out of suspension in. Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to separate. Introduction the need to clarify water aesthetics and health colloids impart color and turbidity to water aesthetical acceptability microbes are colloids too 042716 water treatment 2.
View test prep what is the difference between coagulation and flocculation from civil engi vdb 2023 at petronas technology university. After employing the flocculation process, the coagulated particles form a large agglomeration, which is also known as. Coagulation and flocculation provide the water treatment process by which finely divided suspended and colloidal matter in the water is made to agglomerate and form flocs. Theres a difference between coagulation and flocculation, and the mechanism that causes particles to aggregate and come together so that they can be filtered or settled. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. Other readers will always be interested in your opinion of the books youve read. After coagulation the destabilized particles can collide, aggregate so flocs can be formed. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water. The difference between these two categories is as follows.
This enables their removal by sedimentation, dissolved air flotation or filtration. Pdf comparison between coagulationflocculation and. Coagulation, flocculation and precipitation youtube. Coagulation is the neutralization of the electronic charge on suspended particles. Allow adequate contact between the coagulant and particles. The prothrombin time pt and activated partial thromboplastin time aptt only test the coagulation protein.
Water supply system water supply system coagulation and flocculation. The art of flocculation and coagulation has a lot more science than meets the eye. This knowledge will provide a basis for understanding the needs of the. Coagulation is the step where colloidal par ticles similar t o spheres of a diameter of less than 1 micrometer are destabilized. The term originates from the word floc, which is the flake of precipitate that comes out of solution. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water terry l. Pdf in this study is present the advantages and disadvantages of the use of. Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Engelhardt application development manager drinking water hach company photo by author the intent of this paper is to provide cursory information about coagulation, flocculation and clarification. Removal of turbidity by coagulation depends on the type of colloids in suspension, the temperature, ph, chemical. Since water treatment is a very sensitive and important process it requires the presence of both physical. However, in flocculation the clumping stops before it becomes a continuous. Meanwhile, flocculation is a mixing technique that promotes agglomeration and assists in the settling of particles.
Agglomeration refers to the formation of more or less firmly bound primary particles by collision processes between primary particles, primary particles and agglomerates, as well as preexisting agglomerates. The flocculation and coagulation ceu training course uses a. Coagulation and flocculation are used to remove colour, turbidity, algae and other micro organisms from surface waters. Between coagulation and flocculation, which one is.
These particles form clumps with the help of a coagulant. Flocculation and dispersion phenomena in soils springerlink. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications. Location in the treatment plant after the source water has been screened and has passed through the optional steps of prechlorination and aeration, it is ready for coagulation and flocculation. Difference between coagulation and flocculation in water treatment. Key difference coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment water treatment is an important aspect which involves many different steps. It is sometimes possible to take advantage of the difference in the effect of temperature. Coagulation mostly happens in a rapid mixing tank for a few minutes. This volume details the thermodynamics and kinetics of the adsorption of surfactants and polymers on solids, as well as coagulation and flocculation mechanisms demonstrating the applicability of the newest theoretical approaches on practical systemswritten by over 15 international experts in the field, coagulation and flocculation. Terminology of polymers and polymerization processes in dispersed systems iupac recommendations 2011 pdf. Suspended particles cannot be removed completely by plain settling. Thus, coagulation and flocculation techniques are employed for separating these impurities from water. Waste water treatment by coagulation and flocculation. The two most significant differences between the source waters are ph and organic carbon.
Flocculation process during which particles, for example, of a soil, dispersed in a solution contact and adhere each another, forming clusters, flocks, flakes, or clumps of a larger size. However, they can be commonly adopted for destabilizing any suspension system. A variety of flocculants and coagulants is available, with different chemistries, molecular weights, charge ratios, and other attributes. The destabilization is divided into coagulation and flocculation. Coagulants and polymers the coagulation process includes using primary coagulants and may include the addition of coagulant andor filter aids.
Coagulation, flocculation and agglomeration the american. Their objective is to enhance the separation of particulate species in downstream processes such as sedimentation and filtration. Large, heavy particles settle out readily, but smaller and lighter particles settle very slowly or in some cases do not settle at all. In a second experiment, river water ph was adjusted at different phs between 4. It is known that flocculation will take place at ph values between 1. What is the difference between flocculation ad coagulation. Coagulation and flocculation constitute the backbone processes in most water and advanced wastewater treatment plants. Coagulation, flocculation and precipitation vidyamitra. The processes of flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration should be used with coagulation to reduce suspended solids and turbidity. View coagulation flocculation research papers on academia. Pdf waste water treatment by coagulation and flocculation.
There was no year zero, so the difference between ad and bc is just like the. The agglomeration consists of a destabilization and a transport process. There is presently no laboratory or nearpatient test capable of reproducing the complex regulated interaction between these four compartments. Pdf comparative study between flocculationcoagulation.